Heat Wave Communication Challenges: Lessons from the Chicago Heat Wave of 1995

Abstract:

The week of July 12 will mark the 28th anniversary of the Chicago Heat Wave of 1995, during which more than 700 people lost their lives, predominantly the elderly and vulnerable. The disaster highlighted various factors that contributed to its impact, such as political influence, budget cuts, climate change, socioeconomic status, and media recognition. Effective and timely information dissemination by the media is crucial in a crisis. Despite being one of the deadliest crises in the United States, heat waves often lack visual stimuli that prompt immediate action. The media's portrayal of heat waves often focuses on leisure activities rather than highlighting the danger. Media agendas, sensationalism, and political framing can hinder the communication of emergency threats. Isolation and community fabric deterioration increase the vulnerability of older adults during heat waves. Identifying at-risk individuals and communities before a crisis can aid in targeted assistance. The relationship between the media and emergency managers is often contentious due to conflicting priorities and narratives. Media sensationalism and framing can distort the perception of risk. Standardized statements relayed by media entities during emergencies could cut through political biases. Further research is needed on heatwave-specific communication and risk perception stimuli, as well as the effectiveness of visual stimuli in triggering survival responses.